Gene amplification, also known as cell-free molecular cloning system or specific DNA sequence in vitro primer directed enzymatic amplification method, can amplify trace amounts of target DNA by millions of times, greatly improving the analysis and detection ability of DNA molecules. It can detect single molecule DNA or samples containing only one target DNA molecule per 100000 cells. Therefore, this method has been widely applied and rapidly developed in various fields such as molecular biology, microbiology, medicine, and genetics.

The gene amplification instrument is a multifunctional and multi-purpose PCR instrument that can meet the requirements of different PCR reaction tubes, different well numbers, and different types of PCR experiments. The excellent temperature rise and fall speed and temperature control ensure fast and accurate experiments, while the large screen display and user-friendly interface make the operation simpler and easier to understand.

Its software function can automatically identify module units without the need for manual settings. When different PCR methods are run, the program will dynamically display the time and temperature in real time. Based on the design concept of people-oriented, the actual needs of medical and research institute users have been fully analyzed, and multiple technologies have been combined. The gradient module can also perform PCR reactions at up to 12 different annealing temperatures simultaneously. On the gradient module, parameters such as gradient temperature and gradient width can be adjusted, and 12 temperature channels can be freely programmed to achieve annealing temperatures for different samples and perform thermal cycling simultaneously. Only one experiment can determine the corresponding annealing temperature for a specific system. Thus, PCR experiments can be optimized in a short period of time, greatly improving the efficiency of PCR research.

The PCR reaction of a gene amplification instrument is generally set up with 20 to 40 cycles, each cycle including three steps of high temperature denaturation, low temperature annealing, and medium temperature extension reaction. The products of each cycle serve as templates for the next cycle. The amplification efficiency of PCR is very high. If the number of cycles is 30, the newly generated DNA fragment theoretically reaches 230 copies (approximately 109 molecules). The primers added during amplification are labeled with fluorescein, allowing the primers and fluorescent probes to specifically bind to the template simultaneously. The amplification results are collected in real-time by a fluorescence signal acquisition system and transmitted to a computer analysis and processing system for real-time output of quantitative results.